Hydraulic pump



5-, 1953 K. H. HOEN ET AL 2,649,737

Fig.2.

I n veutors Kennel/7 H. Hoen James M. Archer Aug. 25, 1953 Filed March22, 1948 I K. H. HOEN ET AL 2,649,737 1 HYDRAULIC PUMP 4 Sheets-Sheet 2Inventors Kenneth H. l-loen James M. Archer By 0% W w fi 5 K. H. HOEN ETAL 2,649,737

' HYDRAULIC PUMP Filed March 22, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet a v w v m a v N n u'Q Inventors Kenneth H. Hoen James M. Archer WWW A ttm'neys K. H. HOENET AL HYDRAULIC PUMP Aug. 25, 1953 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed March 22, 1948Inventors m m n r WM Mm Hm H we M W m... e b KJZM am By Patented Aug.25, 1953 HYDRAULIC PUMP Kenneth H. Bean and James M. Archer, Billings,

Mont; Ruby E. Archer,

administratrix, de

bcnis non, of said James M. Archer, deceased Application March 22, 1948,Serial No. 16,354-

4 Claims.

This invention appertains to novel and useful improvements in fluidmotors or pumps.

An object of this invention is to transfer torque from a driven shaft tokinetic energy in an improved manner.

Another object of this invention is to provide means for carrying outthe above mentioned function.

A further purpose of this invention is to provide an improved housinghaving a channel therein, a pair of spaced juxtaposed stationary plateswith inlet ports therein and a rotor having slidable vanes positionedbetween said plates.

Another purpose of this invention is to provide improved bypass meansfor use in association with the above mentioned plates, whereby liquidis directed to the free sides of the vanes to facilitate in the slidableactuation thereof.

Another purpose of this invention is to provide improved valve meanswhich is pressure-responsive for directing fluid to the said channelunder a predetermined pressure.

Another object of this invention is to provide improved lubricationmeans for the bearings in the present invention.

Another object of this invention is to provide a smoothly operative pumpwhich is relatively inexpensive to manufacture.

Ancillary objects and features of novelty will become apparent to thoseskilled in the art, in following the description of the preferred formof the invention, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is an end view of the invention;

Figure 2 is a side view of the invention shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 3-3 ofFigure l and: in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 4-4 ofFigure 3 and in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 5 is a sectional View taken substantially on the line 55 ofFigure 3 and in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 6 is a sectional view taken on the line 66 of Figure 3 and in thedirection of the arrows; and

Figure 7 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 'l ofFigure 2 and in the direction of the arrows.

Referring now in detail to the illustrated preferred form of theinvention, like reference characters are used throughout to indicatesimilar elements. This invention has been conceived and developed forthe purpose of providing a smoothly operative device for convertingtorque to kinetic energy of an hydraulic fluid. A housing, generallyindicated at H], is provided with end plates I2 and M, respectively,which are detachably secured to a center piece l8. Screws or the likemay be utilized for securing these end plates to the center piece.Conventional anti-friction bearings 20 are supplied for use inassociation with. a shaft 24. A second set of bearings 22' is alsoutilized in association with the said shaft 24, the bearings 22 beingpositioned at the terminal portion thereof and in the end plate I4 whilethe aforementioned bearings 20 are positioned' in the said end plate.l2. Suitable bushing material or oil seals 26 may be associated with theshaft wherever desirable, as illustrated in Figure 3. A collar 28 mayalso be used in association with the said shaft and the bearings 20,serving the purpose of a thrust bearing.

Av first plate 30 is secured to the center piece l8 and is heldimmovable relative thereto. A second plate 32 is also rigidly associatedwith the center piece and a stator 34 is interposed therebetween. Thesaid shaft 24' extends through the said. plates 30 and 32' and alsothrough the stator 34. A rotor is splined' or otherwise secured tothesaid shaft 24 and is positioned between the said plates3ll and 32respectively.

A hydraulic fluid'inl'et 36 is formed in the said housing, and morespecifically in the said center piece I8 for the purpose of receivingfluid from a reservoir. A small bore 33 extends through said centerpiece and communicates with the antifriction bearings 2i! forlubrication thereof.

A channel 40 is formed in the said center piece l8 and extendsperipherally therearound. This channel will be referred to more indetail as the description proceeds, it being noted at this point thatthe inlet 36 may receive fluid from a reservoir, which fluid may extendand flow around and in the housing within the said channel 40. Anotherportion of the fluid is received in an annular chamber 42, whence it isdirected through aninlet-port 44 formed in the said plate 30.

The said inlet port 44 is one of several about the said plate 30 andcomplemental inlet ports 46' are provided in the said plate 32. Theports 44 and 46 are aligned relative to each other.

The specific rotor construction may be seen best in Figure 5, whereinthe stator 34- is illustrated as having cam surfaces therein. These camsurfaces engage a plurality of' vanes 4'! which are in the rotor block48. The said block is, of

course, splined to the said shaft 24 to prevent mutual rotation betweenthese elements.

It is now readily apparent that the rotor used in association with thisinvention is of the sliding vane type. Also, it is seen that the stator34 has a pin is extending through a suitable slot therein and alsothrough the center piece It. This holds the stator relatively immovablerelative to the rotation of the rotor.

Referring now again to Figure 3, it will be seen that after the fluid isconducted through the said inlet ports 44 and 46, it is then impelledfor emission at the opposite ends of the plates 30 and 32, respectively.

A passage 52 is provided in said plate 30 and has a pair of openingstherein (in said passage) communicating with the rotor chamber. Asimilar passage 54 is provided in the said plate 32 and opposite thesaid passage 52. In operation, the fluid is urged through the lower endsof the said passages 52 and returned to the free or nonworking sides ofthe vanes or blades 41. The passage at 54, however, receives fluid fromthe rotor chamber and directs the same to a pressure-responsive valvemeans.

Returning again to the passages 52 and 54, it will be seen that theupper portions thereof terminate in the openings (aforementioned) whichare numbered at 56. These openings are in the form of annular slotswhich communicate with the lower portions of the said blades or vanes47. This directs the fluid to the roots of each of the blades and on thefree or non-working faces thereof for assisting in sliding the blades tothe proper position relative to the rotor block 48. The fluid is, ofcourse, directed to both the working side and the free side. However,the pressure of the working side is always of such value as to prohibitentry of the bypassed liquid or fluid, the said liquid or fluid assumingthe path of least resistance or the free sides thereof.

It is further noted that the passage 54 not only directs its fluid tothe outlets 56, but also directs a portion of it to thepressure-responsive valve means. Further, another portion of the fluidextends through the annular outlet 58 which is in the end plate I4. Ofcourse, a suitable outlet nozzle 6% may be associated with the saidoutlet for conducting fluid to the device requiring I fluid underpressure.

A cylinder 62 having an enlarged bore at 64 is provided in the end plateM. The said enlarged bore portion 64 communicates with the outlet 58which obviously communicates with the said channel 54. A detachable plug66 may be provided in the end of the said cylinder 62 and a spring orother suitable resilient biasing means 68 may be seated on the said plug66. A means for adjusting the efficacy of the said spring is provided.This means is preferably simply a threaded lug l slidably received in athreaded bore in the said plug 66 and a pair of nuts for lockingpurposes associated with the said threaded lug. A piston 74 is slidablyreceived in the said cylinder and has a reduced portion 16 in the wallsthereof. Of course, the spring 68 seats on a suitable portion of thesaid piston, and the reduced portion 16 cooperating with the enlargedbore 64 forms a channel or passage. Fluid being forced through theoutlet 58 has a component of force exerted thereon, as influenced by theback pressure of the machine to which the outlet 60 is attached. Thisback pressure is transmitted through the outlet 58 to the piston 14.Under predetermined values of back pressure, the piston will be slid toa position whereby the reduced portion 16 thereof communicates with aconduit 18 which is formed in the end plate l4 and center piece i8. Thisconduit 18 then communicates with the groove 40 for the return of fluidto be simply recirculated in the pump housing.

In order to conduct fluid to the inlet ports 46, the following structureis provided. Notches are supplied in the said center piece l8 and alsocomplemental notches 82 extend axially of the stator 34. Fluid is thenconducted from the channel 49 through these notches which communicatewith the fluid inlets 46. Fluid is also conducted through these notchesinto the annular chamber 40 which communicates with the fluid inlets 44.

The general operation of the invention is as follows: Fluid enters theinlet 36 and flows simultaneously into the circular passage 48 andenters the ports 44 and 46. Oil is picked up from the ports by the rotorand pressure is applied to the fluid when it is squeezed out of oremitted from the rotor chamber by the blades as they pass into thesmaller diameter of the housing or stator, due to the cam surfaceconstruction.

Fluid is forced under pressure into the passages 52 and 54, thencerouted back to the outlets 56 thereof. This oil flows back into therotor chamber behind the blades and pushes them out as they get into thelarger diameter of the rotor chamber. This action balances the action ofthe blades and makes them come out evenly and quickly.

The remainder of the fluid passes into the circular passage or outlet 58and to the pressureresponsive valve means. The fluid in thepressure-responsive valve means then actuates as described above, thatis, after a predetermined back pressure is built up in the system. Thissmall portion of the fluid for relieving the back pressure is thenrecirculated through the channel 40. Of course, the pressure-responsivevalve means may be regulated in accordance with the capacity of the pumpand other engineering and design factors. Also, the pressure-responsivevalve means may be regulated to prohibit excessive pressure applied toan instrument or machine to be actuated by the pump.

It will be noted that there has been provided a hydraulic pump withinlets and pressure exhaust so arranged around the rotor and rotorhousing that hydraulic balance is attained. The fluid pressure is thesame at points equally distributed about the shaft or pointsdiametrically opposed in lobe pumps, thereby cancelling fluid pressureon the shaft. Further, there is a combined suction inlet ring andsuction inlet ports in the rotor housing to insure a full volume offluid in the rotor blade zones.

Of course, the number of lobes in a single unit may be varied fordifierent uses, as for an increase or decrease in output. The volume ofoutput per revolution may be varied in this manner.

Careful inspection of the figures of the drawings clearly illustratesthat the direction of rotation may be changed by turning the rotor androtor housing over in a main pump housing and then aligning thepertinent elements with a conventional dowel pin. Further, the abovedescribed fiuid being fed under output pressure to the back edge of theblades to make a close seal between the blades and rotor housingincreases the efliciency of the pump. The specific arrangement of theelements and design of the parts also substantially obviates pressureagainst the shaft oil seals and gaskets, this feature being selfexplanatory in importance.

These and other features of importance are believed to be readilyunderstandable from the foregoing description and drawings pertinentthereto. It is apparent also that variations may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, limitation issought only in accordance with the scope of the following claims.

Having described the claimed as new is:

1. In a hydraulic pump, a housing including end plates and a centerpiece, said center piece being positioned between said end plates andhaving an enlarged circular opening therethrough, a stator positioned ina central portion of said opening, fluid control plates mounted in saidcircular opening on opposite sides of said stator, an opening in saidstator, a rotor mounted on a shaft carried by said end plates, saidrotor being positioned within the opening in said stator and havingmovable vanes engaging the walls of the opening in said stator, a fluidinlet in said center piece, an annular inlet fluid passage in saidcenter piece communicating with said fluid inlet, said annular fluidpassage being located centrally of the axial center of said center piecewith the radial inner wall thereof closed by said stator, axiallyaligned inlet ports in said fluid control plates, axially extendingpassages in the outer portion of said stator communicating said inletports with said annular fluid pasinvention, what is sage, axiallyaligned outlet ports in said fluid control plates communicating with anannular outlet passage in one of said end plates.

2. The hydraulic pump of claim 1 wherein there are a plurality of saidinlet and outlet ports in each fluid control plate, said inlet andoutlet ports being alternated and equally circumferentially spaced.

3. The hydraulic pump of claim 1 wherein the outlet ports of one of saidfluid control plates conduct all fluid pumped therein through said rotorbehind the inner ends of said vanes and into the outlet ports of theother of said fluid control plates.

4. The hydraulic pump of claim 1 wherein said pump is provided with apressure relief valve mechanism in said one end plate, said pressurerelief valve being communicated with said annular outlet passage, areturn passage communicating said pressure relief valve with saidannular inlet fluid passage for circulating excess fluid therethrough.

KENNETH H. HOEN. JAMES M.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 1,989,900 Vickers Feb. 5, 1935 2,335,284 Kendrick Nov. 30,1943 2,377,556 Jeannin June 5, 1945 2,411,602 Tweedale Nov. 26, 19462,411,606 Wilson Nov. 26, 1946 2,460,047 Von Wangenheim Jan. 25, 1949

